Al-Biruni, celebrated mathematician and astronomer, came to India in the wake of the invading forces of Mahmud of Ghazni in the eleventh century (11 AD). He stayed in India from 1017- 1030 to study deeper Indian sciences and philosophies.
His enquiry into India, popularly known in its original Arabic version as Tarikhu'l Hind, is erudite and, as a historic chronicle of its kind, a classic. There is much in this chronicle that reads like fiction, while being at the same time an objective record of the history, character, manners and customs of India of that time. Al-Biruni's Kitabul Hind (Al- Biruni India), is a historical book that is of great importance in Indian cultural studies and is popular among world historians, especially in the Arab world
Sachau's well-known English translation of the classic has been used in this publication, but edited specially by Q Ahmad for a large and popular readership.